Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Switching regulators and controllers are electronic devices used to regulate the output voltage and current of power supplies. They operate by rapidly switching a power supply circuit between on and off states, resulting in a high-frequency waveform that can be filtered and smoothed to produce a stable output voltage.Switching regulators and controllers offer several advantages over traditional linear regulators, including higher efficiency and the ability to handle a wider range of input voltages. They are commonly used in applications such as power supplies for computers, LED lighting, and motor control.Switching regulators and controllers come in a variety of forms, including step-up (boost), step-down (buck), and step-up/down (buck-boost) configurations. They may be designed as integrated circuits (ICs) or as standalone modules.Switching regulators and controllers typically include feedback control circuits to adjust the output voltage and current, as well as protection circuits to prevent overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. They may also include features such as soft-start to reduce inrush currents and synchronization with external clock signals.
Add filters
All
Selected
CSD95378BQ5MCT
Texas Instruments
CSD95378BQ5MCT by Texas Instruments is a dual switching controller with a max output current of 60A and a max switching frequency of 1250kHz. It operates in temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C, making it suitable for military-grade applications requiring high power efficiency and precise voltage regulation. The compact rectangular package with small outline and thin profile design allows for easy surface-mount installation in space-constrained environments.
DUAL SWITCHING CONTROLLER
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
16 V
12 V
R-PDSO-N12
e3
6 mm
2
1
12
150 Cel
-55 Cel
60 A
5.5 V
PLASTIC/EPOXY
HTSON
RECTANGULAR
SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, THIN PROFILE
260
1.05 mm
YES
BUCK
1250 kHz
MILITARY
MATTE TIN
NO LEAD
.5 mm
DUAL
30
5 mm
CSD95378BQ5MC
CSD95378BQ5MC by Texas Instruments is a dual switching controller with a max output voltage of 5.5V and max output current of 60A. It operates at temperatures ranging from -55 to 150°C, making it suitable for military-grade applications requiring high power efficiency in a compact package. With a switching frequency of up to 1250kHz, this device is ideal for use in space-constrained environments where precise pulse width modulation control is needed.
AP3585AMPTR-G1
Diodes Incorporated
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HLSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE FROM 0.8 V TO 10.56 V
SWITCHING CONTROLLER
VOLTAGE-MODE
13.2 V
4.5 V
R-PDSO-G8
4.9 mm
3
8
85 Cel
-40 Cel
HLSOP
SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, LOW PROFILE
1.7 mm
INDUSTRIAL
GULL WING
1.27 mm
3.9 mm
AP3585BMPTR-G1
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE FROM 0.6 V TO 10.56 V
AP3585CMPTR-G1
AP3988MTR-G1
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 7; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
ALSO OPERATES IN VOLTAGE MODE
CURRENT/VOLTAGE-MODE
PULSE FREQUENCY MODULATION
25 V
15 V
R-PDSO-G7
7
SOP
SOP7/8,.25
SMALL OUTLINE
1.75 mm
.75 mA
BUCK-BOOST
60 kHz
AP65403SP-13
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: HLSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE FROM 2.5 V TO 12 V
SWITCHING REGULATOR
CURRENT-MODE
17 V
4.75 V
1.5 mm
750 kHz
AP65502SP-13
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE FROM 0.8 V TO 12 V
500 kHz
AP65503SP-13
Diodes Inc. AP65503SP-13 is a small outline, low profile switching regulator with 8 terminals and matte tin finish. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, supports buck configuration at 750 kHz frequency, and accepts input voltage from 4.75V to 17V. Ideal for industrial applications requiring current-mode control in compact designs.
HFC0400GS-Z
Monolithic Power Systems
HFC0400GS-Z by Monolithic Power Systems is a switching controller with current-mode control. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, making it suitable for automotive applications. With a small outline package style and surface mount design, it has 7 terminals and supports input voltages from 8V to 20V.
20 V
8 V
8.4 V
125 Cel
SINGLE
AUTOMOTIVE
HFC0400GS
HFC0400GS by Monolithic Power Systems is a small outline switching controller with 7 terminals, operating b/w -40 to 125°C. It features a current-mode control mode and supports input voltages from 8V to 20V. Ideal for automotive applications due to its compact size and high temperature grade.
MP1584EN-LF
MP1584EN-LF by Monolithic Power Systems is a small outline switching regulator with 8 terminals and a max operating temperature of 85°C. It operates in buck configuration, supports input voltages from 4.5V to 28V, and uses pulse width modulation control technique. Ideal for applications requiring efficient power conversion in compact spaces.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE FROM 0.8V TO 25V
28 V
-20 Cel
1500 kHz
OTHER
TPS54361QDPRRQ1
TPS54361QDPRRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a switching regulator with 3.5A output current, 2500kHz max switching frequency, and 59V max output voltage. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40 to 125°C operating temperature range and compact rectangular package style.
ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLATGE RANGE FROM 0.8 TO 58.8V
60 V
R-PDSO-N10
e4
4 mm
10
3.5 A
59 V
.8 V
HVSON
SMALL OUTLINE, HEAT SINK/SLUG, VERY THIN PROFILE
.8 mm
2500 kHz
Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)
NOT SPECIFIED
TPS54361QDPRTQ1
TPS54361QDPRTQ1 by Texas Instruments is a switching regulator with max output voltage of 59V, current-mode control, and max output current of 3.5A. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline package style and wide operating temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.
MPQ4470AGL-Z
MPQ4470AGL-Z by Monolithic Power Systems is a 20-terminal switching regulator with a max output current of 12A and PWM control technique. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 125°C, supports input voltages from 4.5V to 36V, and has a max switching frequency of 1000kHz.
ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT MODE FROM 0.8V 32.4V
36 V
24 V
R-XXSS-N20
20
12 A
UNSPECIFIED
SPECIAL SHAPE
1 mm
1000 kHz
40
3 mm
MAX1610CSE
Maxim Integrated
FLUORESCENT LIGHT CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
FLUORESCENT LIGHT CONTROLLER
26 V
8.2 V
R-PDSO-G16
e0
9.9 mm
16
70 Cel
0 Cel
SOP8,.25
245
8.2
Not Qualified
Switching Regulator or Controllers
3 mA
330 kHz
CMOS
COMMERCIAL
TIN LEAD
MAX607C/D
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 12; Package Code: DIE; Package Shape: UNSPECIFIED; Surface Mount: YES;
3 V
X-XUUC-N12
DIE
UNCASED CHIP
BOOST
UPPER
MAX1626ESA
MAX1626ESA by Maxim Integrated is a switching controller with current-mode control technique. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications. With a max output current of 0.05A and switching frequency of 300kHz, it's ideal for compact electronic devices.
16.5 V
.05 A
5 V
.1 mA
300 kHz
MAX608EPA
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
ALSO OPERATES IN ADJUSTABLE MODE FROM 3V TO 16.5V
1.8 V
R-PDIP-T8
9.375 mm
DIP
IN-LINE
4.572 mm
.12 mA
NO
BICMOS
THROUGH-HOLE
2.54 mm
7.62 mm
MAX608ESA
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
SI7661DY
SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 14; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER
R-PDSO-G14
8.65 mm
14
.02 A
-20 V
SOP14,.25
Other Analog ICs
2 mA
DOUBLER INVERTER
10 kHz
MIC2171BT
Micrel
MIC2171BT by Micrel is a 5-terminal switching regulator with max output current of 5.5A and max switching frequency of 115kHz. Ideal for boost applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C, making it suitable for industrial use in various electronic devices.
40 V
R-XSFM-T5
5
5.5 A
1.24 V
TO-220
SIP5,.1,67TB
FLANGE MOUNT
9 mA
115 kHz
BIPOLAR
MIC2171BU
MIC2171BU by Micrel is a switching regulator with 5.5A output current, 115kHz max switching frequency, and boost switcher config. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C with a 3-40V input range and 1.24V output voltage.
R-PSSO-G5
10.363 mm
TO-263
SMSIP5H,.6,67TB
240
4.902 mm
Tin/Lead (Sn85Pb15)
1.702 mm
8.77 mm
L4962/A
STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics L4962/A is a 16-terminal switching regulator with max output current of 3.3A and PWM control technique. Ideal for automotive applications, it operates b/w -40 to 150°C, with nominal input voltage of 35V and output voltage of 5.1V at max frequency of 150kHz.
46 V
9 V
35 V
R-PDIP-T16
3.3 A
5.1 V
DIP16,.3
5.1 mm
40 mA
150 kHz
L4962E/A
L4962E/A by STMicroelectronics is a switching regulator with 3.3A output current, 150kHz max switching frequency, and 35V nominal input voltage. It is used in automotive applications due to its -40 to 150°C operating temperature range and pulse width modulation control technique.
R-PZFM-T7
ZIP
ZIP7,.2,.1TB
ZIG-ZAG
L4962EH/A
STMicroelectronics L4962EH/A is a switching regulator with 7 terminals, operating at 150 kHz. It supports a max output current of 3.3 A and nominal input voltage of 35 V. Ideal for applications requiring pulse width modulation control technique in power supply designs.
ZIP7H,.2,.7TB
Matte Tin (Sn)
MAX867EUA
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
6 V
1.2 V
S-PDSO-G8
.01 A
1.25 V
TSSOP
TSSOP8,.19
SQUARE
SMALL OUTLINE, THIN PROFILE, SHRINK PITCH
1.1 mm
.06 mA
250 kHz
.65 mm
MAX866ESA
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
FIXED 3.3V OUTPUT ALSO POSSIBLE
.015 A
Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)
MAX1639ESE
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
SOP16,.25
12 mA
PUSH-PULL
1200 kHz
MAX1673ESA
SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
SWITCHED CAPACITOR REGULATOR
2 V
.125 A
-3.02 V
16 mA
515 kHz
LT1070MKJB
LT1070MKJB by Texas Instruments is a military-grade switching regulator with 4 terminals. It operates b/w -55°C to 150°C, featuring current-mode control technology. Its cylindrical metal package makes it suitable for harsh environments in military and aerospace applications.
O-MBCY-W4
4
METAL
CAN4/5,.45FL
ROUND
CYLINDRICAL
38535Q/M;38534H;883B
WIRE
BOTTOM
MAX637AMJA/HR
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
2.6 V
R-GDIP-T8
.525 A
CERAMIC, GLASS-SEALED
DIP8,.3
5.08 mm
50 kHz
MAX731EPA
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
5.25 V
2.5 V
1.5 A
4 mA
215 kHz
MAX752MJA
ALSO OPERATES IN ADJUSTABLE MODE FROM 2.7V TO 15.75V
11 V
R-CDIP-T8
CERAMIC, METAL-SEALED COFIRED
210 kHz
MAX752CPA
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
MAX752EPA
MAX752EPA by Maxim Integrated is a switching regulator with 8 terminals, operating temperature range of -40 to 85°C, and max output current of 1.5A. It utilizes current-mode control technique for boost configuration applications in industrial settings.
MAX731CWE
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
10.3 mm
SOP16,.4
2.65 mm
7.5 mm
MAX752CWE
MAX724CCK
SWITCHING REGULATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 5; Package Code: ZIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
R-PZFM-T5
8.5 A
2.21 V
ZIP5,.15,.2,67TB
11 mA
120 kHz
ICL7660C/D
SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 7; Package Code: DIE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
10 V
1.5 V
R-XUUC-N7
DIE OR CHIP
.225 mA
MAX1044C/D
SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIE; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
S-XUUC-N8
.1 A
.2 mA
MAX1044CPA
MAX1044CPA by Maxim Integrated is a SWITCHED CAPACITOR CONVERTER with 8 terminals, operating at 0-70°C. It has a max output current of 0.1 A and operates at a frequency of up to 10 kHz. Ideal for applications requiring voltage conversion in commercial-grade environments.
MAX1044EPA
MAX1044EPA by Maxim Integrated is a CMOS switched capacitor converter with 8 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with input voltage ranging from 1.5V to 10V. With a max output current of 0.1A and switching frequency of 10kHz, it's ideal for industrial applications requiring efficient power regulation.
MAX1044CSA
MAX1044CSA by Maxim Integrated is a switched capacitor converter with a max output current of 0.1 A and a max switching frequency of 10 kHz. It operates b/w temperatures of 0 to 70°C, making it suitable for various commercial applications requiring voltage conversion in compact spaces. The IC features dual terminal position with gull wing form factor and small outline package style, ideal for surface mount designs.
MAX1044ESA
MAX1044ESA by Maxim Integrated is a small outline switched capacitor converter with 8 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with input voltage ranging from 1.5V to 10V. With a max output current of 0.1A and switching frequency of 10kHz, it's ideal for industrial applications requiring efficient power regulation.
MAX1771C/D
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIE; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
R-XUUC-N8
.11 mA
MAX797MJE
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
30 V
R-XDIP-T16
19.05 mm
350 kHz
MAX1649CPA
SWITCHING CONTROLLER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
© 2023 All rights reserved
