Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
TE Connectivity's 2081888-1 RF Adapter features 0.52 dB Insertion Loss, 1050VAC Dielectric Withstanding Voltage, and THREADED-THREADED Coupling Type. Ideal for applications requiring a durable SMA-SMA Adapter with 27 GHz Max Operating Frequency.
Median Price
$17.910
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
16
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Farnell
1+ parts
$15.450
100+ parts
$11.040
1k+ parts
$10.080
10k+ parts
-
Mouser Electronics
$14.440
$13.710
Element14
$18.636
$15.232
$13.200
Newark
$19.150
$16.690
$15.200
TE Connectivity
$19.640
$17.390
$15.870
DigiKey
$22.180
$16.025
$14.306
Arrow
$7.247
Chip1Stop
$12.300
Master Electronics
$11.100
$10.540
Verical
Nova Conductors
$13.415
Digiode
$14.070
VNN
Vyrian
Electro Sonic
$14.150
$12.200
IBS Electronics
$15.764
$14.979
Aranea Global
$13.147
$12.621
Corphita
$13.329
Continental Prestige Electronics
$14.350
$10.260
Argo Parts USA
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Low insertion loss ensures minimal signal loss during connection, resulting in efficient transmission of RF signals.
High dielectric withstanding voltage indicates good insulation properties, making the adapter safe to use in high-voltage applications.
Threaded coupling provides a secure and reliable connection, ensuring the stability of the RF signal transmission.
Using PTFE as the insulator material offers excellent electrical insulation properties, high thermal stability, and resistance to chemicals, making the adapter more durable.
With a high maximum operating temperature, the adapter can withstand elevated temperatures, expanding its range of applications.
The low minimum operating temperature ensures the adapter can function in a wide range of environments, including cold conditions.
With a durability of 500 cycles, the adapter can endure multiple connections and disconnections without compromising performance.
A 50 ohm characteristic impedance matches the adapter with standard RF systems, ensuring proper signal transfer and reducing reflections.
Capable of handling high-frequency signals up to 27 GHz, this adapter is suitable for applications requiring high bandwidth and fast data transmission.
RF Adapters 2081888-1 attributes and parameters. Explore more RF Adapters devices from TE Connectivity
Adapter Style:
Characteristic Impedance:
Connector Type:
Mating Contact Finish:
Termination Contact Finish:
Contact Gender:
Contact Material:
Contact Style:
Coupling Type:
DIN Conformance:
Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V):
Durability:
EMI Shielded:
Empty Shell:
Filter Feature:
IEC Conformity:
Insertion Loss:
Insulator Material:
MIL Conformity:
Mains Connector Rating:
Mixed Contacts:
Mounting Style:
No. of Connectors:
No. of Ports:
Maximum Operating Frequency:
Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel):
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Option:
Panel Mount:
Shell Material:
Total No. of Contacts:
Voltage Standing Wave Ratio:
2081888-1 Connectors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8536.69.80.00
TE Connectivity is a global leader in the design and production of innovative connectors and sensors for multiple industries, such as automotive, industrial equipment, data communication systems, aerospace, defense, medical, oil and gas, consumer electronics and energy. It is an American-Swiss domiciled firm that has been providing high-quality products to its customers since 1907.
CEO
Terrence R. Curtin
Executive VP, CFO
Heath A. Mitts
Senior VP, Principal Accounting Officer
Robert J. Ott
M39029/58-360
Positronic Industries
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT; DIN Conformity: NO; National Stock Number (NSN): 5999004733551; Mating Contacts: M39029/56-348, M39029/57-354; Contact Type: CRIMP REAR RELEASE;
CRCW06030000Z0EAHP
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's CRCW06030000Z0EAHP is a 0 ohm jumper resistor with METAL GLAZE/THICK FILM tech. Operating temp range -55 to 155 °C, it's SMT package style makes it ideal for automotive applications meeting AEC-Q200 standard.
RC0402FR-071KL
Yageo
The Yageo RC0402FR-071KL is a fixed resistor with a resistance of 1000 ohm and a tolerance of 1%. It is suitable for surface mount applications and has a max operating temperature of 155 °C.
1N4148WS
Meritek Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MBR0530T1G
Onsemi
MBR0530T1G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with a max forward voltage of 0.375V and output current of 0.5A. It operates b/w -65°C to 125°C, making it suitable for applications requiring high-speed switching in compact electronic devices like smartphones and tablets. The package style is small outline with gull wing terminals for surface mount assembly.
Conesys
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Mating Contacts: M39029/57-354; Terminal Type: CRIMP; DIN Conformity: NO; MIL-Connector Accessory Name: CONTACT;
ECA2DHG4R7
Panasonic
ECA2DHG4R7 by Panasonic is a 4.7uF aluminum electrolytic capacitor with 200V rated DC voltage. It features tan delta of 0.15, leakage current of 0.0664mA, and ripple current of 50mA, making it ideal for applications requiring high capacitance stability and low leakage in through-hole mounting setups at temperatures ranging from -25 to 105°C.
2N2222A
Aeroflex/metelics
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A; Package Shape: ROUND; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
SMBJ18CA
Daco Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Renesas Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Semicoa
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
2N7002
National Semiconductor
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .2 W; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Terminal Position: DUAL;
M39029/58360
Souriau-sunbank Connection Technologies
Souriau-sunbank's M39029/58360 is a MIL-Spec backshell with CRIMP contact type and male gender. It conforms to MIL-DTL-38999 standards, mates with M39029/56348 contacts, and requires M81969/14-01 insertion tools. Ideal for military applications requiring reliable crimp terminals.
MBRA340T3G
MBRA340T3G by Onsemi is a Schottky rectifier diode with 40V reverse test voltage and 3A max output current. Ideal for power applications, it operates b/w -55 to 150°C, features matte tin terminal finish, and comes in a small outline package.
NUP2105LT1G
NUP2105LT1G by Onsemi is a Transient Suppression Device with 350W power dissipation, 29.1V breakdown voltage, and 44V clamping voltage. Commonly used in electronic circuits for surge protection due to its bidirectional polarity and silicon diode element material.
LM358M
Raytheon Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
FT232RL-TUBE
FTDI
FTDI's FT232RL-TUBE is a bus controller with 28 terminals, operating at 3.3-5.25V. It supports USB, VBUS, and UART interfaces with a data transfer rate of 60MBps. Ideal for industrial applications requiring RS232/RS422/RS485 compatibility in compact designs due to its small outline package style.
ULN2803ADWRG4
Texas Instruments
ULN2803ADWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a peripheral driver with 8 functions, open-collector output, and built-in transient protection. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C with a max supply voltage of 3 V. Ideal for applications requiring sink current flow direction in a small outline package style.
EEAGA1H4R7
Panasonic EEAGA1H4R7 is a 4.7uF, 50V Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with 0.1 Tan Delta and 0.003mA Leakage Current. Ideal for applications requiring high ripple current handling in temperatures ranging from -55 to 105°C.
DS18B20Z/T&R
Maxim Integrated
DS18B20Z/T&R by Maxim Integrated is a 12-bit digital temperature sensor with a max supply voltage of 5.5V and an accuracy of 0.50°C. It features a 1-Wire interface, operates b/w -55°C to 125°C, and is ideal for applications requiring precise temperature monitoring in compact spaces.
M55339/07-00029
Winchester Interconnect
M55339/07-00029 by Winchester Interconnect is an RF straight adapter with threaded coupling, PTFE insulator. MIL conformant, it has N-N adapter style for female-female contact. Ideal for military applications requiring reliable RF connections in harsh environments.
1053786-1
TE Connectivity's 1053786-1 RF Adapter features 0.4 dB insertion loss, BAYONET-THREADED coupling type, and PTFE insulator. Ideal for panel mounting in applications requiring a 50 ohm characteristic impedance and up to 4 GHz operating frequency.
329517
Tyco Electronics Amp
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-FEMALE; Coupling Type: BAYONET; Mating Contact Finish: NOT SPECIFIED; Panel Mount: NO;
172123
Amphenol
Amphenol 172123 RF Adapter is a threaded N-N connector with PTFE insulator, 50 ohm impedance, and 1.3 VSWR. Ideal for commercial applications up to 11 GHz, featuring female-female contacts in a jack-jack body style for reliable RF connections.
5344
Cobham Plc
5344 by Cobham Plc is a panel mount RF adapter with threaded coupling type and 7/16-DIN-SMA adapter style. It has a max operating frequency of 40 GHz, voltage standing wave ratio of 1.35, and characteristic impedance of 50 ohm. It is commonly used in high-frequency applications requiring reliable connections.
2390-6005
Sv Microwave
The SV Microwave 2390-6005 RF Adapter features a Dielectric Withstanding Voltage of 1400VAC, POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE insulator material, and a max operating frequency of 4 GHz. Ideal for applications requiring durable RF connectors with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohm, such as in telecommunications and aerospace industries.
5209
Api Technologies
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE-MALE; Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: 1.2; IEC Conformity: NO; Coupling Type: THREADED;
129-6
129-6 by Winchester Interconnect is a TNC-TNC-TNC RF Tee Adapter with threaded coupling, MIL conformity, and PTFE insulator. It has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohm and operates up to 11 GHz. Ideal for high-frequency applications requiring secure panel mounting and reliable female-female-female connections.
5512-7501-000
Applied Engineering Products
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE-MALE; DIN Conformance: NO; Body or Shell Style: JACK; Filter Feature: NO;
901-125-11
Amphenol's 901-125-11 is an RF adapter with a threaded coupling type and gold termination contact finish. It has an insertion loss of 0.13 dB and can operate at temperatures ranging from -65 to 165 °C. This SMA-SMA right angled adapter is suitable for applications up to 18 GHz in commercial settings.
R191.329.000
Radiall S A
Radiall S A R191.329.000 RF Adapter features 2100VAC Dielectric Withstanding Voltage, 155°C Max Operating Temp, and 18 GHz Max Operating Frequency. Ideal for RF applications requiring N-SMA Adapter Style with 50 ohm Impedance and PLUG-JACK Body Style.
R142.720.700
Radiall S A R142.720.700 RF Adapter features 0.25 dB insertion loss, 1.12 VSWR, and 75 ohm impedance for up to 6 GHz applications. This BNC-BNC adapter with bayonet coupling is panel mountable and has PTFE insulator material, ideal for RF straight connections in various setups.
1045725-1
TE Connectivity's 1045725-1 RF Adapter features a 0.7" body length, threaded coupling type, and PTFE insulator material. Ideal for commercial applications, this SSMA-SSMA adapter has a 50 ohm impedance and operates b/w -65 to 125°C.
M55339/02-30001
RF RIGHT ANGLED ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; MIL Conformity: YES; Insertion Loss: .13 dB; Body or Shell Style: PLUG-JACK;
2082-5133-00
Tyco Electronics M/a-com
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Contact Gender: MALE-FEMALE; Contact Style: COAX; Adapter Style: SMA-SMA; Mounting Style: STRAIGHT; DIN Conformance: NO;
SF1133-6021
RF Adapters;
R191.553.000
Radiall S A's R191.553.000 RF Adapter has a Dielectric Withstanding Voltage of 1000VAC, operating temperature range from -55 to 125°C, and a VSWR of 1.03. It is an SMA-SMP adapter with characteristic impedance of 50 ohm, suitable for applications up to 6 GHz frequency in RF connections.
5032
5032 by Cobham Plc is an RF adapter with threaded coupling, 2.9mm to 3.5mm adapter style, and gold termination finish. It has a VSWR of 1.25, operates up to 8GHz, and features beryllium copper contacts for female-to-female connections in RF applications.
1883077-1
TE Connectivity's 1883077-1 RF Adapter features a 0.875" body length, PTFE insulator, and 18 GHz max operating frequency. Ideal for panel mounting applications with one 50 ohm connector, stainless steel shell, and -65 to 125°C temp range.
2867843
Phoenix Contact
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Contact Material: NOT SPECIFIED; Mating Contact Finish: NOT SPECIFIED;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
2081555-1
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; No. of Connectors: ONE; Panel Mount: NO; Termination Contact Finish: NOT APPLICABLE;
2081563-1
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; No. of Connectors: ONE; Mixed Contacts: NO; Maximum Operating Temperature (Cel): 125; MIL Conformity: NO;
2081-1900-02
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; No. of Connectors: ONE; Adapter Style: SMA-SMA; Voltage Standing Wave Ratio: 1.14;
2081549-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 707VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; MIL Conformity: NO;
2081560-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 3500VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Insulator Material: POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE;
2081561-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 2121VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; IEC Conformity: NO;
2081774-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 707VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Insulator Material: POLYETHERIMIDE;
2081550-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE-FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 707VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; DIN Conformance: NO;
2081593-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE-FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 1050VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; MIL Conformity: NO;
2081773-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 707VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Empty Shell: YES;
2081889-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: FEMALE-FEMALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 1050VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; IEC Conformity: NO;
2081890-1
RF ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; Dielectric Withstanding Voltage (V): 1050VAC; No. of Connectors: ONE; Mating Contact Finish: NOT SPECIFIED;
2081-0000-02
RF STRAIGHT ADAPTER; Option: GENERAL PURPOSE; Reliability: COMMERCIAL; Contact Gender: MALE-MALE; No. of Connectors: ONE; Filter Feature: NO;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved