Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$0.530
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
7
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Mouser Electronics
1+ parts
$0.900
100+ parts
$0.564
1k+ parts
$0.382
10k+ parts
-
Rochester
$0.462
$0.383
$0.342
DigiKey
$0.580
Verical
$0.479
Digiode
$0.339
Nova Conductors
$0.381
Vyrian
Ampacity Inc.
$0.303
Corphita
$0.321
Argo Parts USA
$0.369
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.373
Netroflash
Semicontronic
$0.660
$0.644
$0.640
Corohmni
$11.719
Parana Technologies
$12.093
$12.504
DigiPath Technology Company
$13.316
ChromeModa Solutions
$13.588
$11.142
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$12.909
$12.229
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Microchip USA
Prescaler & Multivibrators SN74LS123DE4 attributes and parameters. Explore more Prescaler & Multivibrators devices from Rochester Electronics
Family:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Logic IC Type:
No. of Data/Clock Inputs:
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Output Polarity:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Propagation Delay (tpd):
Maximum Seated Height:
Maximum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Minimum Supply Voltage (Vsup):
Nominal Supply Voltage / Vsup (V):
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Width:
SN74LS123DE4 Logic ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
For over 40 years Rochester's growing supplier authorizations enable us to provide the world's largest source of semiconductors. In partnership with over 70 leading component manufacturers, we provide our valued customers with a continuous source of critical semiconductors. Today the Rochester Semiconductor Lifecycle Solution™ offers the world’s largest range of semiconductors with over 15 billion finished devices in stock, combined with extensive manufacturing capabilities from the world's largest die bank at over 12 Billion. Rochester’s growing product and service portfolio continues to provide an authorized source of supply to customers around the world directly, in partnership with our authorized distribution network and through leading-edge e-commerce platforms.
2N2222A
Electronic Transistors
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Texas Instruments
2N2222A by Texas Instruments is a small signal NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with a max collector-emitter voltage of 40V and a max collector current of 0.8A. It is commonly used for switching applications due to its fast turn on/off times (35ns/285ns) and high transition frequency (300MHz).
STM32H750VBT6
STMicroelectronics
STM32H750VBT6 by STMicroelectronics is a 32-bit microcontroller with Cortex-M7 CPU, offering 20 timers and 16 DMA channels. It features 2 DAC and 16 ADC channels, suitable for industrial applications requiring high-speed processing up to 48 MHz. With extensive connectivity options like FDCAN, Ethernet, and USB, it provides versatile solutions in a compact package.
2N7002
Sinyork
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Operating Temperature: 85 Cel; Field Effect Transistor Technology: METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
1N4148WT
Eic Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Loras Industries
CRG0805F10K
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's CRG0805F10K is a 10000 ohm fixed resistor with 1% tolerance. It operates b/w -55 to 155 °C and has a power dissipation of 0.125 W. Ideal for surface mount applications in various electronic circuits due to its compact size and high temperature rating.
1N4148
Multicomp Pro
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
Fairchild Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Diotec Semiconductor Ag
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 10; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN;
NXP Semiconductors
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .83 W; JESD-609 Code: e3; Minimum DS Breakdown Voltage: 60 V;
LM317D2TG
Onsemi
LM317D2TG by Onsemi is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output current of 1.5A and a max output voltage of 37V. It operates in temperatures ranging from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in compact spaces.
LL4148
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
LM317T
Sgs-ates Componenti Electronici S P A
Other Regulators; No. of Terminals: 3; JESD-609 Code: e0; Terminal Position: SINGLE; Adjustability: ADJUSTABLE; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %;
BSS138
Infineon Technologies
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Maximum Drain Current (Abs) (ID): .2 A; Maximum Feedback Capacitance (Crss): 8 pF;
RC0603JR-070RL
Yageo
Yageo's RC0603JR-070RL is a SMT fixed resistor with 0 ohm resistance, rated for temperatures from -55 to 155 °C. Its metal glaze/thick film technology and 0.1 W power dissipation make it ideal for jumper applications in various electronic devices.
BAV99-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc. BAV99-7-F is a series-connected, center tap diode with 2 elements in a small outline package. It has a max reverse recovery time of 0.004 us and can handle up to 0.3A output current. Ideal for rectification applications requiring fast switching and low reverse current requirements.
Micro Commercial Components
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Output Current-1: 1.5 A; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel;
SSL-LXA228SRC-TR11
Lumex
SSL-LXA228SRC-TR11 by Lumex is a 1.9mm SINGLE COLOR LED with peak wavelength of 660nm and max forward current of 0.03A. Ideal for applications requiring SUPER RED light emission, such as indicator lights in electronic devices due to its clear lens and surface mounting feature.
AB26TRB-32.768KHZ--T
Abracon
AB26TRB-32.768KHZ--T by Abracon is a crystal oscillator with 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 126% stability, and 35000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz nominal frequency in surface mount configurations.
TC74HC4538AF(EL)
Toshiba
Toshiba's TC74HC4538AF(EL) is a CMOS Prescaler & Multivibrator with 16 terminals. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, suitable for industrial applications. The small outline package is surface mountable and has a power supply range of 2-6V.
MC14528BCPG
MC14528BCPG by Onsemi is a Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, operating at 5V. It has a propagation delay of 650ns and can withstand temperatures from -55 to 125°C. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring precise frequency division and timing control.
SN54LS123J
SN54LS123J by Texas Instruments is a TTL technology Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, 2 bits, and 16 terminals. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V with a load capacitance of 15pF. With a propagation delay of 56ns, it is ideal for military-grade applications requiring complementary output polarity.
SN74121N8
SN74121N8 by Texas Instruments is a TTL technology Prescaler & Multivibrator with 3 data/clock inputs. It operates at a supply voltage range of 4.75V to 5.25V, has a propagation delay of 80ns, and offers complementary output polarity. This IC is commonly used in applications requiring precise timing control and signal processing.
74VHC123AMX
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN54LS292J
SN54LS292J by Texas Instruments is a TTL technology prescaler with 16 terminals and a supply voltage range of 4.5V to 5.5V. It has a propagation delay of 120ns, operating temperature from -55°C to 125°C, and a max frequency of 30MHz. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring precise clock signal division in compact spaces.
LTC6993HDCB-1#TRMPBF
Linear Technology
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: HVSON; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
HMC363G8
Hittite Microwave
PRESCALER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: SQUARE;
74HC123BQ,115
NXP Semiconductors' 74HC123BQ,115 is a CMOS Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a propagation delay of 385ns. Widely used in automotive applications due to its wide temperature range (-40 to 125 °C) and compact size (3.5mm x 2.5mm).
CD14538BNSR
CD14538BNSR by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, operating at 5V. It has a propagation delay of 600ns and can handle load capacitance of 50pF. Ideal for military applications due to its CMOS technology and wide temperature range from -55°C to 125°C.
SNJ54L122J-00
SNJ54L122J-00 by Texas Instruments is a TTL technology Prescaler & Multivibrator with 80ns propagation delay, 5V nominal voltage, and 15pF load capacitance. It has 14 terminals in an IN-LINE package style and operates b/w -55 to 125 °C. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring complementary output polarity.
74AHC123AD,118
Nexperia
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
CD74HC221ME4
CD74HC221ME4 by Texas Instruments is a dual-function Prescaler & Multivibrator with 16 terminals. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2-6V and has a propagation delay of 315ns. With a small outline package style, it is ideal for military-grade applications requiring complementary output polarity.
74LV123PW,112
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74AHC123AD
SN74AHC123AD by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, 27.5 ns propagation delay, and Schmitt Trigger technology. It operates at a supply voltage range of 2-5.5V and has a max power supply current of 0.04 mA. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise timing control in compact designs.
CD74HC123M96
Intersil
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: MILITARY; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
5962-8780501EX
The Texas Instruments 5962-8780501EX is a MIL-STD-883 compliant Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, CMOS technology, and 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C with a supply voltage range of 2V to 6V. Ideal for military applications requiring precise timing and low power consumption.
CD74HC4538MTG4
CD74HC4538MTG4 by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 2 functions, 375 ns propagation delay, and 16 terminals. It operates b/w -55 to 125 °C and has a supply voltage range of 2-6 V. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring precise timing control in compact designs.
CD74HC4538MTE4
CD74HC4538MTE4 by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions. It has a nominal voltage of 4.5V and operates in temperatures ranging from -55°C to 125°C. This component is commonly used in military applications due to its small size and high temperature tolerance.
CD74HC423M96E4
CD74HC423M96E4 by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 2 functions, operating at 4.5V nominal voltage. It has a propagation delay of 480ns and can withstand temperatures from -55 to 125°C. Ideal for military-grade applications requiring CMOS technology in a small outline package.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
SN74LVC1G123DCTR
SN74LVC1G123DCTR by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator with 1.8V nominal voltage, 57ns propagation delay, and 32A max I (ol). It is ideal for automotive applications due to its CMOS technology, Schmitt Trigger feature, and small outline package style.
SN74LVC1G123DCUR
SN74LVC1G123DCUR by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator with 1.8V nominal voltage, 57ns propagation delay, and 3-STATE output characteristics. Ideal for automotive applications due to its Schmitt Trigger technology and wide temperature range (-40°C to 125°C). Package style: Small Outline, Very Thin Profile, Shrink Pitch.
SN74LVC1G123DCUT
SN74LVC1G123DCUT by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 1.8V nominal voltage, 57ns propagation delay, and 32A max I (ol). It is used in automotive applications for its CMOS technology, Schmitt Trigger feature, and 3-STATE output characteristics.
SN74LVC1G123DCTT
SN74LVC1G123DCTT by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 1.8V nominal voltage, 57ns propagation delay, and 32A max I (ol). It is ideal for automotive applications due to its Schmitt Trigger technology and wide operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C. The IC comes in a small outline package with surface mount capability, making it suitable for compact designs.
SN74LVC1G123YZPR
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: BALL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: VFBGA; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LV123APWRG4
SN74LV123APWRG4 by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 2 functions, operating at 3.3V. It features a propagation delay of 42ns and Schmitt Trigger technology, suitable for automotive applications due to its wide temperature range and small form factor.
SN74LV123APWR
SN74LS123N
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Freescale Semiconductor
SN74LS123N by Texas Instruments is a TTL technology Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions, 2 bits, and 16 terminals. It operates at a supply voltage of 5V with a load capacitance of 15pF. With a propagation delay of 56ns, it is commonly used in applications requiring precise timing control.
Motorola
Rochester Electronics
SN74LV123APWRE4
SN74LV123APWRE4 by Texas Instruments is a Prescaler & Multivibrator IC with 2 functions, operating at 2.5-5.5V. It has a propagation delay of 42ns and operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C). This CMOS technology IC is ideal for applications requiring precise timing control in compact designs.
SN74LV123ARGYRG4
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: HVQCCN; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SN74LV123ADR
SN74LVC1G123YEPR
SN74LV123ARGYR
SN74LV123APW
SN74LV123APW by Texas Instruments is a CMOS Prescaler & Multivibrator with 2 functions. It has a nominal voltage of 2.5V and can operate at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 125°C. This component is commonly used in automotive applications due to its small size and low power consumption.
SN74LV123AD
SN74AHC123APWRG4
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved