Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Median Price
$8.025
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
8
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Analog Devices Inc
1+ parts
$7.520
100+ parts
$4.915
1k+ parts
$4.445
10k+ parts
-
DigiKey
$8.530
$5.616
$5.091
Mouser Electronics
$10.390
$6.650
$5.090
Verical
$3.983
Digiode
$6.935
Vyrian
$7.300
Anansix
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
MARBEL Systems
$2.499
Texas Native Microelectronics
$2.872
$2.757
$2.671
$2.527
Advanced Electronics
$2.892
$2.632
$2.371
Kenton Components
$3.446
$3.033
Vigor
$4.100
Semicontronic
$6.210
$6.055
$6.024
Corphita
$6.570
Qasali Group International
$7.754
$7.212
$6.824
Perfect Parts
Line Drivers & Receivers MAX13082ECPA+ attributes and parameters. Explore more Line Drivers & Receivers devices from Maxim Integrated
Differential Output:
Driver No. of Bits:
Input Characteristics:
Interface IC Type:
Interface Standard:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
Length:
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL):
No. of Functions:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Out Swing:
Maximum Output Low Current:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Peak Reflow Temperature (C):
Power Supplies (V):
Qualification:
Maximum Receive Delay:
Receiver No. of Bits:
Maximum Seated Height:
Sub-Category:
Maximum Supply Current:
Maximum Supply Voltage:
Minimum Supply Voltage:
Nominal Supply Voltage:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s):
Maximum Transmit Delay:
Width:
MAX13082ECPA+ Interface ICs trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Maxim Integrated is a leading provider of analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for a range of industries, including automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, and computing. Founded in 1983 with headquarters in San Jose, California, Maxim has grown to become one of the world’s largest producers of integrated circuits due to its innovative solutions that solve customers’ toughest design challenges. Maxim's broad portfolio includes products such as power management solutions, high-voltage solutions, motor driver solutions, amplifiers and comparators, data converters and interface ICs. For over 35 years, Maxim has continued to push the boundaries of analog integration by providing innovative integrated circuit products that offer the industry’s highest performance and best quality. The company’s commitment to delivering cutting-edge technology enables customers to stay current with changing demands in the market. From automotive check engine lights to fitness trackers worn on the wrist – Maxim enables customers across multiple industries to create groundbreaking products through their advanced IC designs. Maxim Integrated is now officially part of Analog Devices.
President & CEO
Tunc Doluca
Senior VP & CFO
Brian C. White
Senior VP, Technology & Manufacturing Group
Vivek Jain
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
Philippines
Cavite
Wafer Capacity
489,000
USA
Beaverton
312,000
Thailand
Chon Buri
194,000
BAV99
Bytesonic Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
M39029/56351
Souriau
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Insertion Tools: M81969/14-10; Tool Settings: M22520/2-10; DIN Conformity: NO;
LL4148
Continental Device India
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
SMBJ18CA
Goodwork Semiconductor
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138
NXP Semiconductors
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Terminals: 3; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .2 A; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
Zetex Plc
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .36 W; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel;
DS18B20
Dallas Semiconductor
TEMPERATURE SENSOR,SWITCH/DIGITAL OUTPUT,SERIAL; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Housing: PLASTIC; Output Interface Type: 1-WIRE INTERFACE;
1N4148
Microchip Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Hitano Enterprise
0460-202-16141
TE Connectivity
TE Connectivity's 0460-202-16141 contact features a crimp terminal type, machined contact design, and rated AC voltage of 1500V. With a wire gauge range of 20-16 AWG, it is ideal for applications requiring a male round pin-socket contact style in assembly products.
2N7002
STMicroelectronics
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .35 W; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .2 A; Transistor Application: SWITCHING;
TDK
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); No. of Phases: 1; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Output Current: .2 A;
Fairchild Semiconductor
Compensated Devices
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: UPPER; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 1; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: SQUARE;
General Diode
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us; Terminal Finish: Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb); No. of Elements: 1;
National Semiconductor
2N2222A
Philips Semiconductors
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
1N4148WS
Rectron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BSS138BK,215
NXP Semiconductors' BSS138BK,215 is a N-CHANNEL FET with 0.36A max drain current and 0.42W power dissipation. Ideal for applications requiring single configuration and surface mount technology, such as enhancement mode operation in temperatures up to 150°C.
Synsemi
SN751178NSR
Texas Instruments
SN751178NSR by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 2 functions, operating at 5V. It features a max transmit delay of 25ns and differential output for EIA-422-B, TIA-422-B, EIA-485-A interfaces. Ideal for applications requiring fast signal transmission in industrial settings.
TRS3232EQPWRQ1
TRS3232EQPWRQ1 by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals. It operates at supply voltages of 3.3V/5V and has a max transmit delay of 300ns. Ideal for automotive applications, it meets AEC-Q100 standards and supports EIA-232-F, TIA-232-F, V.28 interfaces.
AD8138ARZ
Analog Devices
AD8138ARZ by Analog Devices is a Line Driver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has a supply voltage range of 1.4-5.5 V and offers differential output polarity for industrial applications requiring high-speed signal transmission.
ADM3202ARUZ-REEL
ADM3202ARUZ-REEL by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3V power supply, 16 terminals, and 1.6A max output low current. It operates in industrial temperature range (-40 to 85°C) and supports EIA-232-E, TIA-232-E, V.28 interface standards. Ideal for applications requiring reliable data transmission over short distances.
THVD2450DR
THVD2450DR by Texas Instruments is a line driver/receiver with 8 terminals, operating at -40 to 125°C. It supports EIA-422-B, TIA-422-B, EIA-485-A, and TIA-485-A standards with differential output and Schmitt trigger input. Ideal for automotive applications due to its compact size (4.905mm x 3.895mm) and low supply voltage requirements (3V to 5.5V).
SN65HVD1780DR
SN65HVD1780DR by Texas Instruments is a line driver/receiver with 3.3/5V power supplies, EIA-485-A interface standard, and 2000ns max transmit delay. Ideal for industrial applications requiring differential output and operating temperatures from -40 to 105°C.
ICL3221EIAZ-T7A
Integrated Device Technology
LINE TRANSCEIVER;
SN65HVD78DRBT
SN65HVD78DRBT by Texas Instruments is a line driver/receiver with 3.6V max supply voltage, 15ns max transmit delay, and -40 to 125°C operating temperature range. Ideal for automotive applications, it features EIA-422/EIA-485 interface standards and differential output for robust communication in harsh environments.
DS10BR150TSDX/NOPB
DS10BR150TSDX/NOPB by Texas Instruments is a Line Transceiver with 3.3V supply, 0.6ns max transmit/receive delay, and operates in -40 to 85°C range. Ideal for industrial applications requiring differential input characteristics and a compact chip carrier package.
MAX3232EEUE-T
Maxim Integrated
MAX3232EEUE-T by Maxim Integrated is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals, operating at 3-5.5V. It features EIA-232, TIA-232, V.24, and V.28 interface standards for industrial applications requiring a max output low current of 1.6Amp and min out swing of 10V in a small outline package style.
LTC485IS8#PBF
LTC485IS8#PBF by Analog Devices is a CMOS line driver & receiver with EIA-422/EIA-485 interface. It has 1 function, operates at -40 to 85°C, and supports differential output. It is commonly used in industrial applications for transmitting data over long distances.
ISL83072EIBZA-T7A
Renesas Electronics
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed; JESD-609 Code: e3;
THVD1450DRBT
THVD1450DRBT by Texas Instruments is a line driver and receiver with a max supply voltage of 5.5V. It has a small outline, very thin profile package style and is suitable for automotive applications. With a max transmit delay of 20ns and max receive delay of 40ns, it provides fast and reliable data transmission.
MAX232CWE+T
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MAX3232CPWRE4
MAX3232CPWRE4 by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals, operating at 3.3/5V. It has a max transmit delay of 300ns and can handle up to 1.6A output low current. Ideal for EIA-232-F, TIA-232-F, V.28 interfaces in commercial temperature grade applications.
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; JESD-609 Code: e3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30;
MAX232NSR
MAX232NSR by Texas Instruments is a Line Driver & Receiver with 2 functions, operating at 5V. It features inverted output polarity, Schmitt trigger input characteristics, and supports EIA-232-F interface standard. Ideal for applications requiring BICMOS technology in commercial temperature grade environments.
ISOW1432DFMR
ISOW1432DFMR by Texas Instruments is a Line Transceiver with EIA-422 and EIA-485 interface standards. It operates b/w -40 to 125 °C, with a supply voltage range of 1.71V to 1.89V. This IC has a small outline package style and is suitable for applications requiring differential outputs and Schmitt trigger input characteristics.
MAX232AEWE
Rochester Electronics
ICL3221EIVZ-T
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
XR33032ID-F
Maxlinear Inc
MAX13487EESA+T
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MAX13487EESA+T by Analog Devices is a BICMOS line transceiver with EIA-422-B and EIA-485 interface standards. It operates at 5V, has 8 terminals, and supports differential input characteristics. With a max supply voltage of 5.25V, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable communication over short distances.
MAX1480BCPI
MAX1480BCPI by Maxim Integrated is a Line Driver & Receiver with 5V supply, 3000ns transmit delay, and EIA-422/EIA-485 interface. It has 28 terminals in a rectangular package for applications requiring high-speed data transmission over long distances.
MAX1480BCPI+
MAX1480BCPI+ by Analog Devices is a line driver/receiver with 28 terminals, operating at 5V, suitable for EIA-422/EIA-485 interfaces. It features a max supply voltage of 5.5V, transmit delay of 3000ns, and differential output capability. Ideal for applications requiring reliable data transmission over long distances in industrial settings.
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 28; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MAX13487EESA+
MAX13487EESA
MAX13487EESA+ by Analog Devices is a Line Transceiver IC with BICMOS technology. It operates at 5V, has EIA-422-B and EIA-485 interface standards, and offers differential outputs. With a max supply voltage of 5.25V, it is ideal for industrial applications requiring reliable data transmission over long distances.
MAX13487EESA by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 8 terminals, operating at 5V. It has a max supply voltage of 5.25V and can handle industrial temperatures from -40 to 85°C. Ideal for EIA-422-B and EIA-485 interfaces, it offers differential outputs and operates on a low current of 4.5mA.
MAX14852GWE+T
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; JESD-609 Code: e3; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed;
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; JESD-609 Code: e3; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN;
MAX14852GWE+
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; JESD-609 Code: e3;
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; JESD-609 Code: e3; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed;
MAX14878AWE+T
Line Driver or Receivers; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; JESD-609 Code: e3; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30;
Line Driver or Receivers; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; JESD-609 Code: e3; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1;
MAX13442EASA+T
LINE TRANSCEIVER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MAX13442EASA-T
MAX13442EASA-T by Maxim Integrated is a Line Driver & Receiver with 5V supply, 2000ns transmit delay, and 1Amp output low current. Ideal for automotive applications, it supports EIA-422, EIA-485, TIA-485 standards in a small outline package.
MAX14878AWE+
Line Driver or Receivers; JESD-609 Code: e3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Terminal Finish: Matte Tin (Sn) - annealed; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1;
Line Driver or Receivers; JESD-609 Code: e3; Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL): 1; Peak Reflow Temperature (C): 260; Terminal Finish: MATTE TIN; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 30;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved