Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
Littelfuse 59025-010 is a magnetic proximity sensor with body height of 25.4mm and cylindrical package style. It operates b/w -40°C to 105°C, terminated with cable. Ideal for industrial automation, robotics, and machinery applications due to its reliable sensing capabilities.
Median Price
$2.250
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
20
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Newark
1+ parts
$2.210
100+ parts
$1.590
1k+ parts
$1.350
10k+ parts
$1.230
Farnell
$1.300
$1.200
-
DigiKey
$1.566
$1.305
$1.208
Mouser Electronics
$1.440
$1.310
$1.210
RS (Exports)
$2.360
$2.090
$2.040
Chip1Stop
$2.570
RS Americas
$3.080
$2.890
$2.800
Distrelec
$3.163
$2.098
Bürklin Elektronik
$3.950
$2.420
$1.910
TTI
$1.730
$1.650
Arrow
$1.853
Verical
$1.854
Nova Conductors
$1.924
TME
$1.950
Vyrian
Q Components
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
R&J Components
Electronic Expediters
Elcom Components
Semicontronic
$1.330
$1.297
$1.290
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$1.798
Argo Parts USA
Continental Prestige Electronics
$2.190
$1.470
Corohmni
$2.737
Ampacity Inc.
$2.880
Allen Electronics Distributors
$3.130
Perfect Parts
Component Stockers USA
$1.840
$1.570
GreenTree Electronics
Kepictronics
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
RTC Component Inc.
Magnetic proximity sensors are ideal for detecting metallic objects, making this sensor suitable for a wide range of industrial applications.
Compact design with a low profile allows for easy installation in tight spaces.
Cylindrical shape provides durability and stability, ensuring reliable performance in harsh environments.
High operating temperature range allows for use in hot industrial settings without risking sensor damage.
Wide range of operating temperatures ensures functionality in cold environments, making it versatile for various applications.
Small body size enables easy integration into existing systems or machinery, enhancing flexibility in design and placement.
Cable termination simplifies installation and maintenance, providing a convenient connectivity solution for quick setup.
Proximity Sensors 59025-010 attributes and parameters. Explore more Proximity Sensors devices from Littelfuse
Body Height:
Body Length/Diameter:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Package Shape or Style:
Sensors or Transducers Type:
Termination Type:
59025-010 Sensors & Transducers trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Littelfuse is a diversified industrial technology manufacturing company empowering a sustainable, connected, and safer world. Across more than 20 countries, and with approximately 18,000 global associates, we partner with customers to design and deliver innovative, reliable solutions. Serving over 100,000 end customers, our products are found in a variety of industrial, transportation, and electronics end markets—everywhere, every day. Headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, United States, Littelfuse was founded in 1927.
1N4148WS
Sensitron Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
BAV99
Taitron Components
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
SMBJ18CA
Telefunken Microelectronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Hitano Enterprise
Eic Semiconductor
LM358N
Freescale Semiconductor
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM555CN
Harris Semiconductor
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
M39029/58360
Souriau-sunbank Connection Technologies
Souriau-sunbank's M39029/58360 is a MIL-Spec backshell with CRIMP contact type and male gender. It conforms to MIL-DTL-38999 standards, mates with M39029/56348 contacts, and requires M81969/14-01 insertion tools. Ideal for military applications requiring reliable crimp terminals.
U.FL-R-SMT-1(10)
Hirose Electric
U.FL-R-SMT-1(10) by Hirose Electric is a RF connector with 50 ohm impedance, 0.05 dB insertion loss, and 8 GHz operating frequency. Ideal for board mounting in commercial applications, it features gold termination finish, liquid crystal polymer insulator, and 200VAC dielectric voltage resistance.
1N4148
Lite-on Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
BSS138
Weitron Technology
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .225 W; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Terminal Position: DUAL;
Promax-johnton
CRG0805F10K
Tyco Electronics Components
FIXED RESISTOR; Mounting Type: SURFACE MOUNT; Resistance: 10000 ohm; Rated Power Dissipation (P): .125 W; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Tolerance: 1 %;
Good-ark Electronics
TRANS VOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Maximum Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage: 18 V; Nominal Breakdown Voltage: 21.05 V; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): 10; JESD-609 Code: e3;
General Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LL4148-GS08
Vishay Telefunken
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: END; Terminal Form: WRAP AROUND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: ROUND;
Meritek Electronics
2N7002
Vishay Intertechnology
2N7002 by Vishay Intertechnology is a N-CHANNEL FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.115A Drain Current, and 7.5 ohm On Resistance. Ideal for SWITCHING applications due to its SINGLE configuration with BUILT-IN DIODE. Operates in ENHANCEMENT MODE, suitable for surface mount with GULL WING terminals.
National Semiconductor
Infineon Technologies
GXL-8HUI-C5
Panasonic
PROXIMITY SENSOR,INDUCTIVE;
MK15-B-2BULK
Standex-meder Electronics
MK15-B-2BULK by Standex-Meder Electronics is a 2.5" proximity sensor with a rectangular shape, suitable for surface mount applications. It operates b/w -40°C to 130°C, housed in mineral-filled epoxy with solder termination. Ideal for photoelectric sensing, this sensor has dimensions of 16mm x 2.6mm for precise detection in various environments.
HOB50-P
Lem International Sa
PROXIMITY SENSOR,EDDY CURRENT;
59065-4-S-04-D
Littelfuse
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 3000 us; Maximum Operating Current: 250 mA; Body Length/Diameter: 8 mm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel;
59135-2-T-02-A
Hamlin Electronics Europe
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Mounting Feature: FLANGE MOUNT; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Maximum Operating Temperature: 150 Cel; Body Length/Diameter: 28.57 mm; Body Height: 3.43 mm;
STM8T143AULET2TR
STMicroelectronics
STM8T143AULET2TR by STMicroelectronics is a capacitive proximity sensor with 2.3-5.5V supply voltage range, 0.07-4.9V output, and 850000us response time. Ideal for surface mount applications in temperature-sensitive environments like automotive or industrial settings due to its -40 to 85 °C operating range.
T30UHPBQ-CRFV
Hans Turck & Kg
PROXIMITY SENSOR,ULTRASONIC;
59170-1-S-00-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Mounting Feature: SURFACE MOUNT; Package Shape or Style: RECTANGULAR; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; Termination Type: SOLDER;
MK16-C-2
MK16-C-2 by Standex-Meder Electronics is a proximity sensor with dimensions 2.3" x 2.3mm x 11.5mm, operating b/w -40°C to 130°C. Housed in epoxy resin, it features solder termination and surface mount capability, ideal for photoelectric sensing applications.
H1522-002
NXP Semiconductors
PROXIMITY SENSOR,HALL EFFECT; Output Type: ANALOG CURRENT; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Minimum Measurement Range (mm): .12 mm; Termination Type: CABLE; Maximum Operating Current: 50 mA;
59630-1-T-02-D
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Body Length/Diameter: 23.7 mm; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Termination Type: CABLE;
59065-4-V-02-F
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Body Height: 38.1 mm; Termination Type: CABLE; Response Time: 3000 us; Body Length/Diameter: 8 mm;
CA18CAF08PAM1
Carlo Gavazzi Holding Ag
PRESSURE SENSOR,CAPACITIVE;
TL-W1R5MB1
Omron
Omron TL-W1R5MB1 is an inductive proximity sensor with 12-24V supply voltage, ABS housing, and 3-wire interface. It operates b/w -25°C to 70°C, with a measurement range of 1.35-1.65mm. Ideal for industrial automation applications requiring precise object detection in tight spaces.
H1512-010
PROXIMITY SENSOR,HALL EFFECT; Output Type: ANALOG CURRENT; Package Shape or Style: ROUND; Body Height: 2.75 mm; Maximum Measurement Range (mm): 1.52 mm; Housing: STAINLESS STEEL;
55100-3H-02-F
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Mounting Feature: FLANGE MOUNT; Output Type: DIGITAL VOLTAGE; Output Interface Type: 3-WIRE INTERFACE; Maximum Supply Voltage: 24 V; Minimum Supply Voltage: 3.8 V;
59025-4-S-02-E
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC;
UNDK30P1703/S14
Baumer Electric Ag
Baumer Electric Ag's UNDK30P1703/S14 is a 30V Proximity Sensor with 18.4" width, 65mm height, and 12-60 °C operating temp. Ideal for board mount applications, it offers a 100-1000mm measurement range, analog current output type, and fast 50ms response time.
RE27-SA05L
Sick Ag
RE27-SA05L by Sick Ag is a 25" proximity sensor with magnetic transducer type, ideal for industrial automation. Featuring a rectangular shape and glass-fiber reinforced PPS housing, it operates b/w -20°C to 60°C temperatures. With digital output and cable termination, this sensor is suitable for flange mounting applications.
E2EQ-X8C3185M
Omron E2EQ-X8C3185M is an inductive proximity sensor with 10-30V supply voltage range, NPN output, and 8.8mm measurement range. Ideal for industrial automation applications requiring precise object detection in harsh environments with temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
59025-1-S-02-A
Littelfuse 59025-1-S-02-A is a magnetic proximity sensor with body height of 25.4mm and response time of 1000us. It operates b/w -40°C to 105°C, featuring a cylindrical shape and cable termination. Ideal for industrial automation applications requiring precise object detection in harsh environments.
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 1000 us; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm;
59025-1-V-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Additional Features: LG-MAX; Body Height: 25.4 mm;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Termination Type: CABLE; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE;
59025-4-T-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 3000 us; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Termination Type: CABLE;
59025-4-S-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Additional Features: LG-MAX; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Response Time: 3000 us;
59025-3-S-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Additional Features: LG-MAX;
59025-1-T-02-F
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE; Response Time: 1000 us; Additional Features: LG-MAX;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Termination Type: CABLE; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE;
59022-4-S-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Termination Type: CABLE; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Body Length/Diameter: 5.8 mm;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Response Time: 3000 us; Termination Type: CABLE; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm;
59025-4-U-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 3000 us; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Termination Type: CABLE; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Body Height: 25.4 mm; Response Time: 3000 us;
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Additional Features: LG-MAX; Body Length/Diameter: 6.22 mm; Output Interface Type: 2-WIRE INTERFACE;
59021-1-T-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Housing: ALUMINIUM; Additional Features: IP 67;
59020-1-T-02-F
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Termination Type: CABLE; Body Height: 15.24 mm; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel; Body Length/Diameter: 5.1 mm;
59021-1-T-05-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 200 us; Maximum Supply Voltage: 170 V; Termination Type: CABLE/WIRE; Body Length/Diameter: 5.1 mm;
59021-1-U-02-A
PROXIMITY SENSOR,MAGNETIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Body Height: 15.24 mm; Body Length/Diameter: 5.1 mm; Additional Features: IP 67; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel;
59025-3-T-05-F
PROXIMITY SENSOR,PHOTOELECTRIC; Package Shape or Style: CYLINDRICAL; Response Time: 3000 us; Additional Features: LG-MAX; Maximum Operating Temperature: 105 Cel; Minimum Operating Temperature: -40 Cel;
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved