Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: OTHER; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO; Package Style (Meter): CYLINDRICAL;
Median Price
$0.235
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
41
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Arrow
1+ parts
$0.151
100+ parts
$0.071
1k+ parts
$0.059
10k+ parts
$0.051
Mouser Electronics
$0.270
$0.142
$0.116
$0.106
DigiKey
$0.280
$0.146
$0.121
$0.112
Adafruit Industries
$20.129
$19.123
-
Verical
$0.072
$0.052
Rochester
$0.304
$0.252
$0.225
Avnet
RS (Exports)
Element14
$0.162
$0.138
$0.127
Future Electronics
$0.096
$0.090
Chip1Stop
Digiode
$0.034
Ozdisan Elektronik
$0.061
NAC Semi
$0.069
Maritex
$0.093
Nova Conductors
TEDSS.com
$0.250
$0.160
TME
$0.260
$0.134
$0.108
DigiKey Marketplace
Cyclops Electronics Ltd
Vyrian
A&K Electronics
Bristol Electronics
IBS Electronics
$0.124
$0.045
Rotakorn
Martec Srl
Q Components
Anansix
ComSIT Distribution GmbH
ComSIT USA
ABC Electronics Ltd.
Speed Components Ltd
LWI Electronics Inc
R&J Components
Holdelec - ElecDif-Pro
Resion
Pride Electronics
ACDS - Activité Composants Distribution Service
J2 Sourcing AB
Sunrise Surplus Inc.
LittleDiode
Corphita
$0.032
Semicontronic
$0.078
$0.076
Argo Parts USA
$0.228
Netroflash
$0.223
$0.219
Component Stockers USA
$0.640
$0.410
Continental Prestige Electronics
$0.652
$0.340
$0.179
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$10.380
$9.342
Corohmni
$12.764
Aztec Data Supply Inc.
$18.560
MKK Technologies
$19.520
DigiPath Technology Company
Advanced Electronics
Infinite Electronics LLP (Excess)
Perfect Parts
Metaverse IC Inc.
Epart123
$0.140
GreenTree Electronics
QUARKTWIN TECHNOLOGY LTD
Kepictronics
Lixinc
A-Z Elektronik GmbH
Authorized Procurement Solutions
Futuretech Components
Supply Digital
Microchip USA
EMSNET (Excess)
Parana Technologies
$12.411
Eastek
Cyclops Electronics Ltd (Excess)
Assy Fe
Voltage References TL431ACZ attributes and parameters. Explore more Voltage References devices from Fairchild Semiconductor
Additional Features:
Other IC type:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
No. of Functions:
No. of Outputs:
No. of Terminals:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Output Current:
Maximum Output Voltage:
Minimum Output Voltage:
Nominal Output Voltage:
Package Body Material:
Package Equivalence Code:
Package Shape:
Package Style (Meter):
Qualification:
Sub-Category:
Surface Mount:
Technology:
Max Voltage Temp Coef:
Temperature Grade:
Terminal Finish:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Pitch:
Terminal Position:
Trim or Adjustable Output (V):
TL431ACZ Other Function Semiconductors trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
ECCN
EAR99
ECCN Governance
EAR
HTS
8542.31.00.01
SB
8542.31.00.00
PCN Design/Specification - Mult Dev Adv Material Notice 8/Apr/2019
PCN Assembly/Origin - Mult Dev Mold Comp Chg 6/Jul/2019
In 2016 Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor (after 2022, onsemi). Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California. Founded in 1957 as a division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, it became a pioneer in the manufacturing of transistors and of integrated circuits. Schlumberger bought the firm in 1979 and sold it to National Semiconductor in 1987; Fairchild was spun off as an independent company again in 1997. In September 2016, Fairchild was acquired by ON Semiconductor. The company had locations in the United States at San Jose, California; San Rafael, California; South Portland, Maine; West Jordan, Utah; and Mountaintop, Pennsylvania. Outside the US it operated locations in Australia;[4] Singapore; Bucheon, South Korea; Penang, Malaysia; Suzhou, China; and Cebu, Philippines, among others.
LM107H
Linear Technology
LM107H by Linear Technology is an Operational Amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 3000uV, common mode reject ratio of 96dB, and min voltage gain of 50000. It is used in military applications due to its MILITARY temperature grade and BIPOLAR technology for precise signal processing in harsh environments.
2N2222A
Surge Components
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .6 A; No. of Terminals: 3;
1N4148
Semitron
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: NO; JESD-609 Code: e0; Maximum Output Current: .15 A; Maximum Operating Temperature: 200 Cel; Maximum Reverse Recovery Time: .004 us;
1552200253
Molex
WIRE AND CABLE;
2N7002
Micro Commercial Components
Small Signal Field-Effect Transistors; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Maximum Drain Current (ID): .34 A; Package Style (Meter): SMALL OUTLINE;
BAV99
Plessey Semiconductors Discrete Components Div
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Vishay Telefunken
ABS07-32.768KHZ-T
Abracon
Abracon ABS07-32.768KHZ-T crystal oscillator offers 20 ppm frequency tolerance, 144% stability, and 70000 ohm series resistance. Ideal for applications requiring 0.032768 MHz frequency precision in a compact surface-mount design with gold over nickel finish.
LM555CM
Onsemi
PULSE; RECTANGULAR; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: SOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
SS14
Fairchild Semiconductor
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: C BEND; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
Vishay Intertechnology
Vishay Intertechnology's BAV99 diode features a max forward voltage of 1.3V and a max output current of 0.15A, making it ideal for rectification applications. With a small outline package style and dual terminal position, this series-connected diode is designed for surface mount usage in various electronic circuits with an operating temperature range from -55°C to 150°C.
Silicon Standard
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
Zowie Technology
RECTIFIER DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; No. of Phases: 1; Maximum Operating Temperature: 125 Cel; No. of Elements: 1; Maximum Non Repetitive Peak Forward Current: 30 A;
1N4148WSF-7
Diodes Incorporated
1N4148WSF-7 by Diodes Inc. is a single silicon rectifier diode with max output current of 0.25A and max reverse voltage of 100V. It operates b/w -55 to 150°C, has a small outline package style, and is suitable for surface mount applications in various electronic circuits.
LM317T
Samsung
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; Maximum Load Regulation (%): 1.5 %; Operating Temperature (TJ-Min): 0 Cel; Maximum Line Regulation (%/V): .07;
LM358AN
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM317TG
Texas Instruments
LM317TG by Texas Instruments is an adjustable positive single output standard regulator with a max output voltage of 37V and max output current of 1.5A. It operates in temperatures ranging from 0 to 125°C, making it suitable for various applications requiring precise voltage regulation in electronic circuits. The package style is flange mount, with a rectangular shape and through-hole terminals for easy installation.
General Transistor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 300 MHz; Maximum Power Dissipation (Abs): .5 W; Maximum Collector Current (IC): .8 A;
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
LM317AEMP/NOPB
National Semiconductor
ADJUSTABLE POSITIVE SINGLE OUTPUT STANDARD REGULATOR; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: SOP; Terminal Form: GULL WING; Qualification Status: Not Qualified; Width: 3.56 mm;
ADR445BRZ
Analog Devices
Analog Devices' ADR445BRZ is a voltage reference with adjustable output (V) ranging from 4.998 V to 5.002 V, suitable for automotive applications. It operates in temperatures from -40°C to 125°C and has a max voltage tolerance of 0.04%. This small outline package with dual terminals is surface mountable and ideal for precision voltage regulation in automotive electronics.
TL431AQDBZR,215
Nexperia
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TL431ACDBVR
TL431ACDBVR by Texas Instruments is a 3-terminal voltage reference with adjustable output from 2.47V to 2.52V, suitable for applications requiring precise voltage regulation. This small outline, low profile IC has a max output current of 0.1A and operates b/w -40°C to +70°C, making it ideal for commercial temperature grade projects. With a max supply voltage of 36V and excellent voltage tolerance of 1%, this bipolar technology-based device is widely used in various electronic circuits for stable voltage references.
MAX6035AAUR30-T
Maxim Integrated
MAX6035AAUR30-T by Maxim Integrated is a 3-terminal voltage reference with a nominal output of 3V and voltage tolerance of 0.2%. Operating b/w -40 to 125°C, it's ideal for automotive applications requiring a supply voltage range of 4.75-33V in a small outline package.
TL431CDBZR
TL431CDBZR by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with a min output voltage of 2.44V and max output voltage of 2.55V. It is commonly used in applications requiring precise voltage regulation, such as power supplies and battery chargers.
ADR4540BRZ
Analog Devices' ADR4540BRZ is a voltage reference IC with 4.096V output, 0.01A max current, and 2ppm/°C temp coef. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40 to 125 °C operating range and small outline package style for space-constrained designs. The device features a max supply voltage of 15V and terminal finish in matte tin (Sn) - annealed.
REF5025IDG4
REF5025IDG4 by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference with a min output voltage of 2.4975 V and max output voltage of 2.5025 V. It is commonly used in automotive applications due to its temperature grade and moisture sensitivity level.
ADR130AUJZ-R2
ADR130AUJZ-R2 by Analog Devices is a voltage reference with 3V nominal voltage, 1V output voltage, and 0.7% max voltage tolerance. It is ideal for automotive applications due to its small outline, thin profile package style and wide operating temperature range of -40°C to 125°C. This surface-mount device features a dual terminal position and matte tin finish.
LM4040DIM3-2.5
Micrel
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TL431IP
Motorola
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: NO;
LM336Z-2.5
TWO TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Shape: ROUND; Surface Mount: NO; Max Voltage Temp Coef: 34 ppm/Cel;
TL431CDBZT
Rochester Electronics
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
REF5045IDGKR
REF5045IDGKR by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference with a nominal output of 4.5V, suitable for automotive applications. It offers an adjustable output range from 4.4955V to 4.5045V and operates in temperatures ranging from -40°C to 125°C. With a compact square package style and surface-mount capability, it is ideal for space-constrained designs requiring precise voltage regulation.
TL431IDBZR
NXP Semiconductors
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
PREF3425QDBVRQ1
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Screening Level: AEC-Q100;
REF5030IDGKR
REF5030IDGKR by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference with a 3V output, operating temperature range of -40 to 125°C, and voltage tolerance of 0.1%. It is suitable for automotive applications requiring a precise and stable voltage reference in a compact thin profile package.
TL431BIDBZTG4
TL431BIDBZTG4 by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.483-2.507V) in a small outline package suitable for industrial applications. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, has a max output current of 0.1A, and can handle supply voltages up to 36V with a voltage tolerance of 0.5%.
TL431CDBZRG4
TL431CDBZRG4 by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output from 2.44V to 2.55V, suitable for various applications. It features a small outline package with dual terminals and operates b/w 0°C to 70°C temperature range. With a max output current of 0.1A and voltage tolerance of 2%, it is ideal for commercial-grade electronic circuits requiring precise voltage regulation.
LTC6655CHMS8-2.048#PBF
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: SQUARE; Surface Mount: YES;
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
TL431AIDBZR
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TL431AIDBZR by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.47-2.52V) and max output current of 0.1A, suitable for industrial applications. It operates in the temperature range of -40 to 85°C, with a voltage tolerance of 1%. The package style is small outline, thin profile, shrink pitch, making it ideal for space-constrained designs.
TL431AIDBZR,215
NXP Semiconductors' TL431AIDBZR,215 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.47-2.52V) in a small outline package suitable for industrial applications. It operates b/w -40 to 85°C, has 3 terminals, and can handle up to 36V supply voltage.
NXP Semiconductors' TL431AQDBZR,215 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.47-2.55V) and max output current of 0.1A. Ideal for automotive applications due to its small size, wide temp range (-40 to 125°C), and low supply voltage requirement (min 2.495V).
TL431AQDBZR
THREE TERMINAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; No. of Terminals: 3; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR; Surface Mount: YES;
TL431AQDBZR by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.47-2.52V) and 1% voltage tolerance. It's a three-terminal device in small outline package, suitable for automotive applications due to its wide operating temperature range (-40 to 125°C).
TL431IDBZR,215
NXP Semiconductors' TL431IDBZR,215 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.44-2.55V) and max output current of 0.1A. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C, has a small outline package style, and supports surface mount technology.
TL431ASA-7
TL431ASA-7 by Diodes Inc. is a 3-terminal voltage reference with adjustable output (2.47-2.512V). It's a small outline, surface-mount package suitable for automotive applications, operating b/w -40 to 125°C. With a max current of 0.1A and voltage temp coef of 888 ppm/°C, it's ideal for precision voltage regulation in various electronic circuits.
TL431AIDBZRG4
TL431AIDBZRG4 by Texas Instruments is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.47-2.52V) and max output current of 0.1A. Widely used in industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C, with a supply voltage range of 2.495-36V for precise voltage regulation in various electronic circuits.
TL431QDBZR,215
NXP Semiconductors' TL431QDBZR,215 is a voltage reference IC with adjustable output (2.44-2.55V) in a small outline package suitable for automotive applications. It operates b/w -40 to 125°C, has a max output current of 0.1A, and can handle up to 36V supply voltage.
TL431BQDBZR
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved