Active filters amplify desired signals while rejecting unwanted frequencies, and can be tailored to meet application-specific requirements in electronics.
Amplifiers boost signal strength, match impedance levels, and are essential in many circuit systems, including audio, broadcasting, and telecommunications.
Batteries store and provide electrical energy, come in various types and sizes for multiple uses, rechargeable or single-use.
Capacitors store electrical charge with metallic plates and a dielectric; types vary and can be combined for specific circuit characteristics.
Chip carriers and sockets provide an interface between components and PCBs, enabling easy replacement or upgrading without soldering.
Circuit protection devices prevent damage from overcurrent flow, including fuses, breakers, surge protectors, and voltage regulators.
Connector accessories and support devices aid connector function and longevity, including backshells, grips, clamps, and ties; must be compatible with connector type.
Connectors join electronic circuits to transfer signals and power, come in various sizes and shapes, and include support accessories.
Converters transform DC input to another voltage level, essential in electronic systems, renewable energy, and automotive electronics.
Crystals and resonators generate and stabilize frequency signals via piezoelectricity. They are used in timing, frequency control, and filters. Crystals are quartz and resonators are ceramic with a built-in capacitor.
Semiconductor diodes control current flow in one direction (uni-directionality) via low resistance. Useful for rectification, voltage regulation, detection, and digital logic.
Discover essential electronic components for your devices, including CPU accelerators, system cache controllers, computer processors, motherboards, and graphics computing systems. Enhance device performance and connectivity with reliable components engineered for seamless integration and optimal functionality.
Fiber optics use light pulses to transmit data over long distances. They have superior bandwidth capacity, low signal attenuation, and secure physical properties. They are essential in telecommunications networks today.
Filters enhance signal processing by selectively passing desired frequencies while suppressing unwanted ones. Filters can be passive (using capacitors, resistors, and inductors) or active (using transistors or amplifiers).
Flash devices are non-volatile storage solutions that offer fast read and write speeds, making them ideal for applications requiring high-speed data transfer. These devices utilize flash memory technology, providing reliable storage for data-intensive tasks such as gaming, multimedia, and enterprise-level applications.
General purpose ICs consist of multiple individual circuits or components (e.g., logic gates, amplifiers, oscillators, etc.) that are combined onto a single integrated circuit chip for a smaller physical footprint.
I/O and storage controllers are crucial components in computer systems, managing input/output operations and storage devices. These controllers facilitate efficient data transfer between peripherals, storage drives, and the central processing unit (CPU), enhancing system performance and enabling seamless connectivity.
Inductors store energy in magnetic fields, oppose sudden changes in current flow and prevent electrical surges. Common inductor applications include power supplies, signal filters, and oscillators.
Interface ICs allow efficient device connectivity with high-speed data transfer and low power consumption.They can be ASIC or FPGA types, and may perform additional functions such as sensing, storage, and conversion.
Logic ICs can be used for storage, memory, amplification, and multiplexing. They perform fundamental logical operations on digital input signals (1, 0, H, L) to generate a corresponding digital output signal.
Memory modules are essential components in electronic devices, storing data temporarily or permanently for processing and retrieval. From volatile RAM (Random Access Memory) to non-volatile ROM (Read-Only Memory), memory technologies vary in speed, capacity, and functionality, catering to diverse application requirements.
Memory ICs store digital data and retain the information even when the power is turned off. They come in various types, like RAM (Random Access Memory) for fast data access, and ROM (Read-Only Memory) for permanent data storage.
Miscellaneous semiconductor components are a diverse category of electronic components that combines elements from a mix of component devices.
Optoelectronic devices interact with light. This family of devices can emit light, detect light, generate current, and transmit light signals for long-distance communication.
Oscillators generate repetitive waveforms, such as sine, square, or triangle waves. They are commonly used to produce stable and precise frequencies for applications like clocks, signal generation, and communication systems.
Other Function Semiconductor components are a diverse category of semiconductor components that perform a range of specialized functions.
Passive component networks operate without a power source and support data transmission within system by performing filtering, energy storage, and/or signal coupling functions.
Peripheral ICs (Integrated Circuits) are designed to control and manage the peripheral devices connected to a computer or other electronic device.
Programmable Logic ICs are user-programmable devices that allow designers to create custom logic circuits. These cost saving ICs offer real-time data processing and maximum design flexibilty.
RF (Radio Frequency) and microwave devices are used in telecommunications, wireless communications, and electronic systems. These devices include amplifiers, attenuators, filters, mixers, oscillators, and antennas, and a host of other components.
Voltage regulators are used to ensure a constant output voltage despite power fluctuations and load changes. Linear and switching regulators are common types used to maintain voltage stability.
Relays are electromagnetic switches that are used to control the flow of electrical current in an electrical circuit. Relays are a safe means of providing isolation between a controlling circuit and a controlled circuit.
Resistors control the flow of electrical current in a circuit by introducing a set resistance. These passive components reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, and bias active elements in circuits.
Transducers convert energy from one form to another and are crucial in sensing, audio and control systems. They transform physical measures like temperature, pressure, or sound into electrical signals for circuits.
Storage drives are hardware devices used to store and retrieve digital data in computers and electronic devices. These drives come in various forms, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and hybrid drives, offering different levels of capacity, speed, and durability to suit specific storage needs.
Storage media encompass physical or digital mediums used for storing and preserving digital data. From optical discs and magnetic tapes to USB flash drives and memory cards, storage media come in diverse formats and capacities, offering flexibility and reliability for data storage and archival purposes.
Storage systems comprise hardware and software components designed to manage and store digital data efficiently. These systems range from simple standalone devices to complex network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN) solutions, providing scalable storage capacity and data protection features for businesses and enterprises.
Switches control electrical current flow by making or breaking connections. These devices vary in design and application, from basic on/off switches to complex industrial automation systems.
Telecom integrated circuits (ICs) are specialized electronics for telecommunications, tailored to high data rates, low power use, and reliable long-distance transmission. These devices include amplifiers, filters, ADCs, DACs, and more-- and they are often integrated on one chip for specific telecom tasks.
Terminal blocks, or connection terminals, are modular blocks that bring together multiple electrical wires at one connection point. They offer a reliable, organized way to terminate cables.
Thermal management devices control heat in electronic systems, preventing overheating and ensuring optimal performance and reliability. Examples include heat sinks, fans, and thermal interface materials that dissipate or transfer heat away from components.
Transformers are devices that alter electrical voltage levels between circuits through electromagnetic induction. They are vital in power distribution, converting high-voltage electricity for transmission and lower voltage for safe usage.
Transistors are 3-layer semiconductor devices that regulate the flow of electrical current. They function as amplifiers, boosting weak signals, and as switches, controlling the flow of current between terminals.
Triggering devices initiate electronic processes or events in response to specific conditions. These devices support many automated tasks such as activating switches and signals, or turning on lights when motion is detected.
Video cards, also known as graphics cards or GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), are essential components in computers, responsible for rendering graphics and images on display devices. These cards feature dedicated processors and memory, delivering smooth and immersive visual experiences for gaming, multimedia, and professional applications.
Choose from over than a million of proven quality materials. Over 300 manufacturers are presented. From renowned major international players to small independent companies with a proven track record in local markets.
Featured manufacturers
LTC2630AHSC6-LZ12#TR by Analog Devices is a 12-bit D/A converter with 0.024% max linearity error. Operating temperature range from -40 to 125 °C makes it suitable for automotive applications. With a low supply current of 0.26 mA, this CMOS technology device is ideal for compact designs.
Median Price
-
Lifecycle Status
Suppliers In-Stock
3
In-Stock Inventory
1k+
Vyrian
1+ parts
100+ parts
1k+ parts
10k+ parts
Anansix
Digiode
AZTECH Wire
$8.685
One Stop Electronics
$14.000
Parana Technologies
$18.182
$16.909
IDEA Electronic Components Group
$19.550
$18.572
MARBEL Systems
$21.280
Texas Native Microelectronics
$24.460
$21.525
Semicontronic
$26.000
$25.350
$25.220
Kenton Components
$29.352
$25.830
DigiPath Technology Company
$30.498
$29.278
Qasali Group International
$66.042
Corphita
Glotronic Ltd.
Corohmni
The use of plastic/epoxy material ensures durability and protection for the internal components of the converter.
The surface mount compatibility allows for easy and efficient integration onto circuit boards, saving space and simplifying assembly.
The rectangular package shape provides a compact design, making it suitable for a wide range of applications where space is limited.
With 12 bits, the converter offers high resolution and accuracy in converting digital signals to analog, resulting in precise output.
The low linearity error of 0.024% ensures minimal distortion and accurate representation of the input signal in the output.
Support for both 3V and 5V power supplies allows flexibility in different system configurations and voltage requirements.
The 6 terminals provide easy connectivity and interface with external components or devices, enhancing usability and integration.
The small outline, thin profile, and shrink pitch package style offers space-saving benefits and efficient thermal management for improved performance.
The high maximum operating temperature of 125 °C ensures reliable operation in harsh environmental conditions or extended usage.
The low minimum operating temperature of -40 °C enables the converter to function effectively in cold environments without performance degradation.
The tin/lead terminal finish provides good solderability and reliability in connection to the circuit board, ensuring secure electrical contacts.
Dual terminal position offers flexibility in board placement options and simplifies installation, contributing to ease of use and installation.
The automotive temperature grade certification indicates the converter's suitability for automotive applications, meeting industry standards for reliability and performance.
CMOS technology offers low power consumption, high speed, and compatibility with various digital systems, enhancing the overall efficiency of the converter.
The gull wing terminal form facilitates easy soldering and assembly onto the circuit board, ensuring secure connections and robust mechanical support.
The low maximum supply current of 0.26 mA indicates efficient power utilization, reducing energy consumption and helping to extend the device's operational lifespan.
As a digital-to-analog converter, this product allows for the conversion of digital signals into precise analog output signals, suitable for a wide range of applications.
The fine terminal pitch of 0.635 mm enables high density mounting and compact design layout, ideal for applications requiring space efficiency and miniaturization.
The binary input bit code simplifies the communication and encoding process, making it compatible with standard digital systems and interfaces for seamless integration.
Other Function Converters LTC2630AHSC6-LZ12#TR attributes and parameters. Explore more Other Function Converters devices from Analog Devices
Converter Type:
Technology:
No. of Bits:
No. of Functions:
Input Bit Code:
Maximum Linearity Error (EL):
Maximum Supply Current:
Minimum Operating Temperature:
Maximum Operating Temperature:
Temperature Grade:
No. of Terminals:
Terminal Form:
Terminal Position:
Terminal Pitch:
Surface Mount:
Package Shape:
Package Body Material:
Package Code:
Package Style:
Package Equivalence Code:
Qualified:
JESD-30 Code:
JESD-609 Code:
LTC2630AHSC6-LZ12#TR Converters trade compliance attributes, and parameters.
HTS
8542.39.00.01
SB
8542.39.00.00
Analog Devices Inc. (ADI) is one of the leading companies in the areas of integrated circuit (IC) design, manufacturing, testing, and marketing. ADI is known for their high-performance semiconductor solutions which enable customers to create innovative systems that solve critical challenges. The company has over 40 years of experience in the industry and has been consistently recognized as an industry leader for its innovation as well as its commitment to quality products and services. They have garnered numerous awards throughout the years including awards from Gartner Magic Quadrant for Industrial IoT Platforms; Frost & Sullivan’s Global Product Leadership Award; and various awards relating to automotive safety technology such as JESD209-3 Automotive Grade Certifications from AEC-Q100.
CEO
Vincent Roche
Interim CFO
James Mollica
CAO
Michael Sondel
Limerick Fab
Fabrication
Fab Initiation
1977
Ireland
Limerick
Wafer Capacity
30,000
Hillview Fab
2001
USA
Milpitas
15,000
Wilmington Fab
1967
Wilmington
50,000
Camas Fab
1997
Camas
18,000
Beaverton-Portland
1987
Beaverton
14,000
ST3485EBDR
STMicroelectronics
ST3485EBDR by STMicroelectronics is a Line Driver & Receiver with 3.3V power supply, EIA-422/EIA-485 interface standard, and 30ns max transmit delay. It is ideal for industrial applications requiring differential output and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
1N4148WS
Formosa Microsemi
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148WT
Yangzhou Yangjie Electronics
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: FLAT; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LM358AN
Onsemi
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
MMBT3904-7-F
Diodes Incorporated
Diodes Inc. MMBT3904-7-F is a NPN BJT transistor for switching applications. Features include VCEsat of 0.3V, hFE of 30, and IC of 0.2A. With a max operating temp of 150°C, it's ideal for small outline SMT designs in automotive electronics.
Taitron Components
NC7WZ17P6X
The Onsemi NC7WZ17P6X is a logic gate with 2 functions, featuring a propagation delay of 13.1 ns at 1.8V supply voltage. Ideal for industrial applications, it operates b/w -40 to 85°C and has a max power supply current of 100mA. With Schmitt Trigger technology and small outline packaging, it suits compact electronic designs requiring fast signal processing.
Fairchild Semiconductor
BAV99
Continental Device India
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: DUAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 3; Surface Mount: YES; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
43025-0400
Molex
The Molex 43025-0400 is a board connector with 4 contacts, 2 rows, and a mating contact pitch of 0.118". It has a body length of 0.27", insulation resistance of 1Gohm, and operates b/w -40 to 105°C. Ideal for commercial applications requiring a female connector with crimp termination and UL94V-0 flammability rating.
Nexperia
LM358DT
LM358DT by STMicroelectronics is a dual operational amplifier with a max input offset voltage of 9000 uV. It operates at a nominal voltage of 5V and has a min voltage gain of 25000. This amplifier is commonly used in applications requiring high precision and low power consumption.
87832-1420
87832-1420 by Molex is a 14-contact board connector with 0.079" pitch, suitable for commercial applications. It features matte tin over nickel finish, glass-filled polyamide insulator, and polarization key for easy assembly. Withstanding voltage of 1400VAC and operating temperature range from -55 to 105°C make it reliable for various electronic devices.
2N7002
Vishay Intertechnology
2N7002 by Vishay Intertechnology is a N-CHANNEL FET with 60V DS Breakdown Voltage, 0.115A Drain Current, and 7.5 ohm On Resistance. Ideal for SWITCHING applications due to its SINGLE configuration with BUILT-IN DIODE. Operates in ENHANCEMENT MODE, suitable for surface mount with GULL WING terminals.
M39029/56-351
Defense Logistics Agency
CONNECTOR ACCESSORY; MIL Conformity: YES; Contact Gender: FEMALE; Mating Contacts: M39029/58-363; Removal Tool Sources: MILITARY; Alternate Contact Sources: MILITARY;
BSS138
N-CHANNEL; Configuration: SINGLE WITH BUILT-IN DIODE; Surface Mount: YES; JESD-30 Code: R-PDSO-G3; Maximum Time At Peak Reflow Temperature (s): NOT SPECIFIED; Operating Mode: ENHANCEMENT MODE;
2N2222A
Central Semiconductor
NPN; Configuration: SINGLE; Surface Mount: NO; Nominal Transition Frequency (fT): 250 MHz; Transistor Application: SWITCHING; Transistor Element Material: SILICON;
ULN-2803A
Sprague Electric
BUFFER OR INVERTER BASED PERIPHERAL DRIVER; Temperature Grade: OTHER; Terminal Form: THROUGH-HOLE; No. of Terminals: 18; Package Code: DIP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
1N4148
Hy Electronic
RECTIFIER DIODE; Terminal Position: AXIAL; Terminal Form: WIRE; No. of Terminals: 2; Surface Mount: NO; Package Shape: ROUND;
DAC5452SRSFR
Texas Instruments
Other Converters;
SDC1603512
Analog Devices
DAC6462SRSFT
LTC2636IDE-LZ12
LTC2636IDE-LZ12 by Analog Devices is a 12-bit D/A converter with 0.06% linearity error, operating at -40 to 85 °C. It has 8 functions, requires 3/5V power supply, and consumes max. 1.5mA current. Ideal for industrial applications requiring precise analog signal generation in a small outline package.
DAC-16QG/SMD/DIR/FAST/SMD/NONE
LTC2630ACSC6-LM12#TRM
LTC2630ACSC6-LM12#TRM by Analog Devices is a 12-bit D/A converter with 0.024% EL, operating at 3/5V. It comes in a small outline package with dual terminals and Gull Wing form. Ideal for applications requiring precise analog signal generation within the commercial temperature range of 0-70 °C.
LTC2633HTS8-LZ8#PBF
LTC2633HTS8-LZ8#PBF by Analog Devices is an 8-bit D/A converter with 0.195% max linearity error and operates on 3/5V power supplies. Its small outline, thin profile package makes it suitable for automotive applications requiring precise voltage output control in a temperature range of -40 to 125 °C.
DAC-16QG/SMB/DIR/STND/SMD/NONE
LTC2634HUD-HZ12#PBF
LTC2634HUD-HZ12#PBF by Analog Devices is a 12-bit D/A converter with 0.06% linearity error, operating at 5V. Ideal for automotive applications, it offers 4 functions in a square chip carrier package with 16 terminals and CMOS technology.
DAC121S101QCMKX/NOPB
National Semiconductor
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: TSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
DAC-14QG/2SC/DIR/STAB/SMD/DEGL
DAC-16QG/SMB/DIR/STAB/BCD/NONE
DAC100-713Q
Analog Devices' DAC100-713Q is a 10-bit D/A converter with 0.1% linearity error, settling time of 0.375 us, and 8.33 mA supply current. Ideal for military applications due to its MIL-graded temperature range (-55 to 125 °C) and hybrid technology. Package style is in-line with ceramic body material and through-hole terminals.
LTC2634HMSE-LMX12#PBF
LTC2634HMSE-LMX12#PBF by Analog Devices is a 12-bit D/A converter with 0.06% max linearity error. It operates on 3/5V power supplies, has 4 functions, and comes in a small outline package. Ideal for automotive applications due to its -40 to 125 °C operating temperature range and CMOS technology.
DAC-16QG/BIN/REG/STND/SMB/NONE
DAC-16QG/SMD/REG/FAST/BCD/DEGL
SDC1602511
DAC-16QG/SMB/DIR/STAB/BIN/NONE
DAC-14QG/BCD/DIR/FAST/SMB/DEGL
PM7545BR/883C
Analog Devices' PM7545BR/883C is a 12-bit D/A converter with 1us settling time, 0.012% linearity error, and operates on 5/15V supplies. Ideal for military applications due to its MIL-graded temperature range (-55 to 125°C) and ceramic package body material. Suitable for precise analog signal generation in harsh environments.
Partstack™ will investigate all reported instances of potential suspect/counterfeit part listings.
ADPA7005AEHZ-R7
ADPA7005AEHZ-R7 by Analog Devices is a wide band medium power RF amplifier with 12 dB gain, operating from 18-44 GHz. It can handle up to 27 dBm CW input power and operates in temperatures ranging from -40 °C to 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring high frequency amplification in RF & microwave systems.
ADMV8420ACPZ-R5
ADMV8420ACPZ-R5 by Analog Devices is a 24-terminal BAND PASS FILTER with a Center Frequency of 15500 MHz and Input Impedance of 50 OHM. It operates b/w -40 to 85 °C and is ideal for applications requiring precise frequency filtering in electronic circuits.
AD3542RBCPZ16
AD3542RBCPZ16 by Analog Devices is a 16-bit D/A converter with max analog output voltage of 7.5V and linearity error of 0.006103%. It features a nominal settling time of 0.1us, making it ideal for applications requiring precise analog signal generation in temperature-sensitive environments. With a compact square package shape and surface mount capability, this chip carrier is suitable for space-constrained designs where high performance is essential.
ADN4693E-1BCPZ-RL7
ADN4693E-1BCPZ-RL7 by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals, operating at 3.3V. It offers a max transmit delay of 2.4ns and max supply current of 24mA. Ideal for applications requiring differential output and EIA/TIA interface standards compliance in tight spaces due to its very thin profile chip carrier package style.
ADMV8420ACPZ
Analog Devices' ADMV8420ACPZ is a 24-terminal BAND PASS FILTER with a Center Frequency of 15500 MHz and Input Impedance of 50Ω. Operating b/w -40°C to 85°C, it's ideal for applications requiring precise filtering in electronic systems.
ADN4693E-1BCPZ
ADN4693E-1BCPZ by Analog Devices is a Line Driver & Receiver with 16 terminals, operating at 3.3V nominal voltage. It features a max transmit delay of 2.4ns and differential output for EIA/TIA-899 interface standard applications in industrial settings.
AD3542RBCPZ16-RL7
AD3542RBCPZ16-RL7 by Analog Devices is a 16-bit D/A converter with max analog output voltage of 7.5V, 0.006103% linearity error, and 0.1us settling time. Ideal for applications requiring precise analog signal generation in temperature-sensitive environments.
ADPA7005AEHZ
ADPA7005AEHZ by Analog Devices is a wide band medium power RF amplifier with 12 dB gain. It operates b/w 18-44 GHz, handling up to 27 dBm CW input power. Ideal for applications requiring high frequency amplification in temperatures ranging from -40 to 85°C.
ADPA7005CHIP
ADPA7005CHIP by Analog Devices is a wide band medium power RF amplifier with 11.5 dB gain, operating from 20-44 GHz. It can handle up to 27 dBm CW input power and operates in temperatures ranging from -55 °C to 85°C. Ideal for applications requiring high frequency amplification in RF & microwave systems.
ADAQ23876BBCZ
Analog Devices' ADAQ23876BBCZ is a 16-bit ADC with 0.00125% EL, 15 MHz sample rate, and 2'S COMPLEMENT BINARY output. Ideal for wireless data acquisition applications due to its compact GRID ARRAY package and fast 0.063 us conversion time. Operating from -40 to 85 °C, it offers precise analog-to-digital conversion in a small form factor.
LTC2634IMSE-HZ12#PBF
Linear Technology
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: INDUSTRIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 10; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2633HTS8-HZ12#PBF
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2633CTS8-HZ12#PBF
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 8; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2633CTS8-HZ8#PBF
LTC2634HUD-LMX12#PBF
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: NO LEAD; No. of Terminals: 16; Package Code: QCCN; Package Shape: SQUARE;
LTC2630AHSC6-HM12#TR
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: AUTOMOTIVE; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2630AHSC6-HM12
LTC2630ACSC6-LM12
D/A CONVERTER; Temperature Grade: COMMERCIAL; Terminal Form: GULL WING; No. of Terminals: 6; Package Code: TSSOP; Package Shape: RECTANGULAR;
LTC2630ACSC6-HM12#TRM
LTC2630AHSC6-HM12#TRM
LTC2630ACSC6-LM12#TR
LTC2630AHSC6-HZ12
LTC2630AHSC6-HZ12#TR
LTC2630ACSC6-HM12
LTC2630ACSC6-HZ12
Supply Digital Components
$106.00
$54.25
$11.90
$7.29
Quantity
12,000 In-Stock
Total price ≈ $80,197.29
© 2023 All rights reserved