{"id":785,"date":"2023-07-13T21:03:02","date_gmt":"2023-07-13T21:03:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/partstack.com\/blog\/?p=785"},"modified":"2023-07-13T21:06:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T21:06:19","slug":"decoding-the-color-bands-on-resistors-a-comprehensive-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/partstack.com\/blog\/decoding-the-color-bands-on-resistors-a-comprehensive-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Decoding the Color Bands on Resistors: A Comprehensive Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone working with circuit boards needs to know how to read resistors&#8217; resistance values to prevent errors such as burned-out LEDs or microprocessor overheating.<\/p>\n<p>Today, color codes on resistors follow the international standard in <span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\"><a style=\"color: #cc99ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/preview\/info_iec60062%7Bed5.0%7Den.pdf\">IEC 60062<\/a><\/span>, but that wasn&#8217;t always the case. In the 1920s and 1930s, companies such as the RMA (Radio Manufacturer&#8217;s Association) used their own color codes on resistors. The first standardization occurred in 1952. It was meant to be only for fixed resistors but soon grew to encompass color code standards for capacitors.<\/p>\n<p>It isn&#8217;t a perfect system. Color codes don&#8217;t account for color-blind people; and burned-out resistors can lose their color. Whereas color coding began because it was easy to print colors on resistors, today, it&#8217;s possible to print alphanumeric characters on even tiny resistors.<\/p>\n<p>But the color-coding system is still widely used, and anyone tinkering with electronics should know what the different bands and colors mean.<\/p>\n<h2>What resistance color codes tell us<\/h2>\n<p>Resistance color codes tell us more than just the resistance. They also convey information on the resistor&#8217;s tolerance and temperature coefficient. Military resistors also have a failure rate band to specify how often the resistor fails, but this band isn&#8217;t used much in commercial electronics, so we won&#8217;t be looking at it in this tutorial.<\/p>\n<p>Resistors can have between three and six color bands, with higher numbers being more precise. The pattern you&#8217;ll see most often is the four-band pattern.<\/p>\n<h2>How to read resistor color codes<\/h2>\n<p>The colors represent different values depending on their positions. This is best understood in a chart.<\/p>\n<table width=\"624\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Color<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Band 1<br \/>\n(Single Digit)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Band 2<br \/>\n(Single Digit)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Band 3<br \/>\n(Single Digit or ohm multiplier)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Band 4<br \/>\n(Ohm Multiplier or Tolerance)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>Band 5<br \/>\n(Tolerance)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>Black<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1 ohm<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>250 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Brown<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>10 ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b11%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>100 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Red<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>100 ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b12%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>50 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>Orange<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1K ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>15 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #ffff00;\"><strong>Yellow<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>10K ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>25 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Green<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>5<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>100K ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b10.5%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>20 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Blue<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1M ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b10.25%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>10 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Violet<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>7<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b10.1%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>5 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>Gray<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>8<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>1 ppm\/K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>White<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\"><strong>Gold<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>0.1 ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b15%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"89\"><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><strong>Silver<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>0.01 ohms<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00b110%<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"89\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>First, second, and third bands<\/h3>\n<p>The first and second bands always represent a digit in the resistor&#8217;s ohm value, regardless of the number of bands.<\/p>\n<p>The third band represents the multiplier if the resistor has three or four bands, but it represents a digit if the resistor has five or more bands.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at some examples:<\/p>\n<table width=\"657\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">Total Bands<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Band 1<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Band 2<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Band 3<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Band 4<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Band 5<\/td>\n<td width=\"129\">Value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">3, e.g.,<\/p>\n<table width=\"75\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"25\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Multiplier (100K ohms)<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">N\/A<\/p>\n<p>(No tolerance band defaults to \u00b120%)<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">N\/A<\/td>\n<td width=\"129\">2,400K ohms \u00b120% tolerance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">4, e.g.,<\/p>\n<table width=\"75\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"19\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"19\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"19\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"19\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Multiplier<\/p>\n<p>(100K ohms)<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Tolerance<\/p>\n<p>(\u00b11%)<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">N\/A<\/td>\n<td width=\"129\">2,400K ohms \u00b11% tolerance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">5, e.g.,<\/p>\n<table width=\"75\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"15\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"15\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Digit<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Multiplier<\/p>\n<p>(10 ohms)<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">Tolerance<\/p>\n<p>(\u00b15%)<\/td>\n<td width=\"129\">2,450 ohms \u00b15% tolerance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Ohm multiplier band<\/h3>\n<p>For three- and four-band resistors, the third band is the multiplier. It multiplies the value of the preceding digits by anything from megaohms to milliohms.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>fourth<\/strong> band becomes the multiplier in resistors with five bands or more.<\/p>\n<h3>Tolerance band<\/h3>\n<p>Resistor tolerance is represented as a percentage using the symbol &#8220;\u00b1.&#8221; This symbol means that the resistance can vary either up (+) or down (-) from the specified value by the tolerance percentage.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if a resistor has a resistance of 750\u2126 with a tolerance of 2%, then the tolerance value is 15\u2126 (750 * 2%) either up or down. So, that resistor would have a resistance of anything between 735\u2126 and 765\u2126.<\/p>\n<h3>Temperature coefficient<\/h3>\n<p>The temperature coefficient can also be called the reliability band. It exists only on six-band resistors. It&#8217;s measured in ppm\/K.<\/p>\n<p>Ppm\/K means parts per million per Kelvin. The Kelvin scale increments use the same gradation as the Celsius scale, so the temperature coefficient band measures how much the resistor&#8217;s value will change per Celsius\/Kelvin degree up or down.<\/p>\n<p>For example, if we convert ppm\/K to a decimal value, we get 0.0001 [100 * 10^(-6)]. Therefore, a resistor of 100\u2126 will change by 0.01% for every degree up or down (100\u2126 * 0.0001).<\/p>\n<h2>Next steps<\/h2>\n<p>Well done, you now know how to read resistor color codes! The next step is to memorize the codes. Various mnemonics exist for this, and a quick search will give you some that might help, or you can create your own.<\/p>\n<p>You can also save this page for easy reference whenever you face a resistor whose codes you must decipher.<\/p>\n<p>And, if you have any questions, you can also reach out to us for help.<\/p>\n<p><em>(Note: This post is for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for professional advice. Always consult with a qualified professional or expert when dealing with electrical components.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Looking for more insights into the world of semiconductors and microchips? Explore the rest of the <\/em><span style=\"color: #cc99ff;\"><a style=\"color: #cc99ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/partstack.com\/blog\/\"><em>Partstack blog<\/em><\/a><\/span><em><u>,<\/u> or check out our innovative trading platform<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anyone working with circuit boards needs to know how to read resistors&#8217; resistance values to prevent errors such as burned-out LEDs or microprocessor overheating. Today, color codes on resistors follow the international standard in IEC 60062, but that wasn&#8217;t always the case. In the 1920s and 1930s, companies such as the RMA (Radio Manufacturer&#8217;s Association) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[49,2],"tags":[22,72,94,93,3],"class_list":["post-785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-partstack-guides","category-semiconductors","tag-components","tag-electrical-engineering","tag-guides","tag-resistor","tag-semiconductors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.0 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Decoding the Color Bands on Resistors: A Comprehensive Guide - Partstack<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/partstack.com\/blog\/decoding-the-color-bands-on-resistors-a-comprehensive-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decoding the Color Bands on Resistors: A Comprehensive Guide\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anyone working with circuit boards needs to know how to read resistors&#8217; resistance values to prevent errors such as burned-out LEDs or microprocessor overheating. 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Today, color codes on resistors follow the international standard in IEC 60062, but that wasn&#8217;t always the case. 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